Through volcanoes and rift valley’s.
Magma is a liquid mixture of molten and semi molten rock in the mantle beneath the earth’s crust.
Magma also contains dissolved gases ( this is key ) and crystallized minerals. It’s present in pockets known as magma chambers.
Magma is terrifically hot – 700 to 1300 degrees Celsius hot! (water boils at 100 degrees Celsius)
Contrary to popular belief, it comes from the mantle, not from the core.
Movement of the tectonic plates on top of the mantle causes temperature and pressure changes that melts the rocks.
With that out of the way, let’s get down to business.
The magma contains dissolved gases just like a bottle of Coke contains dissolved Carbon Dioxide.
When you open a Coke bottle, a fizzing sound produced by escaping Carbon Dioxide gas bubbles. These bubbles, as you can see with your own eyes, keep rising from the Coke after you pour it into a transparent glass.
What happens when you open the bottle immediately after shaking it vigorously? A lot of Carbon Dioxide bubbles rise up quickly and they bring a lot of Coke with it.
In exactly the same way, the gas in the magma forms a lot of small bubbles.
Just like the gas and Coke escape as the bottle cap is opened and pressure on the Coke decreases.
Volcanoes are formed at boundaries where two tectonic plates collide as those are the regions where magma chambers are formed.
There’s a great animation of this route of magma to the surface here:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/7533964.stm
Cooled and solidified lava is called igneous rock . A volcano(of the conical mountain shape) is formed after many magma eruptions, which lead to accumulation of .
There also another less dramatic way magma reaches the surface.
See for yourself:
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