For the main group elements (Groups 1, 2, 13 – 18), the valence electrons for the atoms of an element are located in the outermost (highest energy) s and p sublevels.
The electron configuration of krypton is##”[Ar]””3d”^”10″”4s”^”2″”4p”^”6″##. Krypton (Kr) has 8 valence electrons in the 4s and 4p sublevels, which makes it very stable and nonreactive, and this is why it is a noble gas.
Some would write the electron configuration as ##”[Ar]””4s”^”2″”3d”^”10″”4p”^”6″##
Here is a video which discusses how to draw Lewis structures for atoms showing their number of valence electrons.
Video from: Noel Pauller
When atoms react, they share, gain, or lose electrons in order to achieve an octet (8) of valence electrons, except for hydrogen, which reacts to get 2 valence electrons like helium, the first noble gas. This gives the bonded atoms the electron configuration of a noble gas, making them stable.
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