Question

QUESTION 1

Which of the following findings raises doubt about Chomsky’s assumption that grammatical knowledge is innately determined? 

a. Adults and adolescents have more difficulty acquiring a second language than young children

b. Complete mastery of some grammatical forms is not achieved until well into middle childhood.

c. Chimpanzees learn to communicate through sign language and symbols.

d. As children acquire language, the brain becomes increasingly specialized for language processing

1 points 

QUESTION 2

According to Erikson, children learn how to cooperate with others during the __________ stage.

a. basic trust versus mistrust

b. autonomy versus shame and doubt

c. initiative versus guilt

d. industry versus inferiority

1 points 

QUESTION 3

By the end of the first year, babies become increasingly skilled at

a. establishing an internal working model. 

b. joint attention

c. social smiling.

d. labeling their feelings.

1 points 

QUESTION 4

Societal order responsibilities that were once a function of the family are now assumed by 

a. schools.

b. political and legal institutions. 

c. farms and stores

d. churches.

1 points 

QUESTION 5

1. Valerie is a college student studying to become a speech/language pathologist. In one of her classes, she is learning about the rules that govern the structure and sequencing of speech sounds. Valerie is studying 

a. phonology.

b. grammar

c. semantics.

d. pragmatics.

1 points 

QUESTION 6

In contrast to Freud, Erikson:

a. viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development

b. recognized the lifespan nature of development

c. minimized the role of culture in individual development

d. focused on the impact of early experiences on later behavior.

1 points 

QUESTION 7

Mr. Garcia is often impatient and uses harsh discipline with his 4-year-old son, Liam. Liam, in turn, is aggressive and rebellious. This example illustrates a(n) __________ influence on development. 

a. direct

b. indirect

c. third-party

d. temporal

1 points 

QUESTION 8

One important criticism of behaviorism is that it

a. cannot be effectively applied to infants or to small children

b. underestimates children’s contributions to their own development

c. only works in the laboratory, not in children’s everyday lives.

d. puts too much emphasis on children’s genetic traits.

1 points 

QUESTION 9

In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, children

a. consider all possible outcomes in a scientific problem.

b. develop the capacity for abstract thinking.

c. reason with symbols that do not refer to real-world objects.

d. transform cognition into logical reasoning.

1 points 

QUESTION 10

Traditional behaviorists like Watson concluded that __________ is the supreme force in development.

a. environment

b. heredity

c. sexuality

d. make-believe play

1 points 

QUESTION 11

All U.S. states require that each newborn be given a blood test for 

a. Tay-Sachs disease

b. hemophilia.

c. PKU.

d. cystic fibrosis. 

1 points 

QUESTION 12

Blond hair can result only from having

a. two dominant alleles

b. two recessive alleles

c. a dominant dark hair allele and a recessive blond hair allele

d. a dominant blond hair allele and a recessive dark hair allele.

1 points 

QUESTION 13

Noam Chomsky reasoned that 

a. in early childhood, rewards and punishments support language development

b. young children are unable to assume much responsibility for their own language learning.

c. the rules for sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to cognitively sophisticated young children.

d. language, like any other behavior, is acquired through imitation and operant conditioning.

1 points 

QUESTION 14

The most frequent expression of fear is 

a. stranger anxiety.

b. the fear of falling

c. the fear of unfamiliar objects and toys.

d. separation anxiety.

1 points 

QUESTION 15

The information-processing approach views the mind as:

a. a system for manipulating symbols.

b. a socially constructed structure

c. the result of stimulus-response associations

d. a mechanism of genetically programmed behaviors.

1 points 

QUESTION 16

During the oral psychosexual stage, if oral needs are not met appropriately, an individual may develop such habits as:

a. extreme messiness and disorder

b. hostility toward the same-sex parent

c. sexual promiscuity

d. fingernail biting and overeating.

1 points 

QUESTION 17

Charles Darwin is considered the forefather of scientific child study because:

a. he constructed the first theory of human development.

b. he discovered that human prenatal growth differs markedly from that of other species.

c. his theory prompted researchers to make careful observations of all aspects of children’s behavior

d. he was the first to conduct experiments on children.

1 points 

QUESTION 18

According to Rousseau’s view of childhood, children:

a. are naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong.

b. follow the same general plan as the evolution of the species

c. are born as blank slates to be filled by adult instruction

d. must learn to redirect their naturally evil tendencies into socially acceptable behaviors.

1 points 

QUESTION 19

Dr. Arbus is interested in learning how children come to understand their multifaceted world. In her research, she asks questions like: When do infants discover that they are separate beings, distinct from other people and objects? Dr. Arbus is studying 

a. social cognition

b. the inner self.

c. self-concept.

d. personality development.

1 points 

QUESTION 20

Brothers, Patrick and Michael, do not look very much alike. Patrick has green eyes and blond, curly hair like his mother. Michael has blue eyes and dark brown, straight hair like his father. These directly observable characteristics are 

a. phenotypes

b. genotypes. 

c. chromosomes.

d. DNA

1 points 

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