The double bond makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes because the π bond is weak.
A C=C double bond consists of one σ and one π bond.
In a σ bond, the electrons are half-way between the two nuclei. They are in a small volume of space. Their attractions to the nuclei are strong. The σ bond is strong.
In a π bond, the electrons are “off to the side”. They are further away from the two nuclei, so the nuclear attractions are not as strong. A π bond is weaker than a σ bond.
Furthermore, the electrons are “delocalized” over the two atoms. The electron cloud is larger and more diffuse, and the σ electrons are almost buried inside the π cloud.
All these factors make it easier for an electrophilic (electron loving) reagent to attack the π electrons.
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