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Estimating Appliance, Home Electronic, and Lighting Energy Use

In this assignment you will be estimating the appliance, home electronic, and lighting energy use, and its related energy cost, in your home. The following list contains energy wattage for various systems that may be found in a home. Prepare a list of all systems in your home and calculate their annual energy use and cost in a tabular form; see example on last page. Compare the cost with the monthly electric bill from your local electric company and explain what is different and why. However before doing so please read the discussions in parts (1) through (3) of this document.

Typical Wattages of Various Appliances

• Aquarium = 50–1210 Watts
• Clock radio = 10
• Coffee maker = 900–1200
• Clothes washer = 350–500
• Clothes dryer = 1800–5000
• Dishwasher = 1200–2400 (using the drying feature greatly increases energy consumption)
• Dehumidifier = 785
• Electric blanket (Single/Double) = 60 / 100
• Fans
  Ceiling = 65–175
  Window = 55–250
  Furnace = 750
  Whole house = 240–750
• Window Air Conditioner
  10,000 BTU = 1200
  12,000 BTU = 3300
• Central Air Conditioner
  24,000 BTU = 3800
  40,000 BTU = 6000
• Hair dryer = 1200–1875
• Heater (portable) = 750–1500
• Clothes iron = 1000–1800
• Microwave oven = 750–1100
• Radio (stereo) = 70–400
• Refrigerator (frost-free, 16 cubic feet) = 525
• Electric Oven and Cooktop = 2000 per heating element
• Personal computer
  CPU – awake / asleep = 120 / 30 or less
  Monitor – awake / asleep = 150 / 30 or less
  Laptop = 50
• Televisions (color)
  53" – 61" Projection = 170
  42” Flat screen = 120
• Toaster = 800–1400
• Toaster oven = 1225
• VCR/DVD = 17–21 / 20–25
• Vacuum cleaner = 1000–1440
• Water heater (40 gallon) = 4500–5500
• Water pump (deep well) = 250–1100
• Water bed (with heater, no cover) = 120–380
• Traditional Incandescent lamps = 60-100
• Compact Florescent Lamps (CFL) = 13-18
• Light Emitting Diodes (LED) lights = 8-12

(1) Wattage

One can usually find the wattage of most appliances stamped on the bottom or back of the appliance, or on its nameplate. The wattage listed is the maximum power drawn by the appliance. Since many appliances have a range of settings (for example, the volume on a radio), the actual amount of power consumed depends on the setting used at any one time.

Many appliances continue to draw a small amount of stand-by power when they are switched "off." These "phantom loads" occur in most appliances that use electricity, such as DVD players, televisions, stereos, computers, and kitchen appliances. Most phantom loads will increase the appliance's energy consumption a few watt-hours. These loads can be avoided by unplugging the appliance or using a power strip and using the switch on the power strip to cut all power to the appliance.

(2) Formula for Estimating Energy Consumption

Use this formula to estimate an appliance's energy use:
(Wattage × Hours Used Per Day) ÷ 1000 = Daily Kilowatt-hour (kWh) consumption
1 kilowatt (kW) = 1,000 Watts
Multiply this by the number of days you use the appliance during the year for the annual
consumption in kWh per year.

(3) Estimating Annual Cost to Run an Appliance

Multiply the annual consumption in kWh per year (that you calculated above) by your local utility's rate per kWh consumed to calculate the annual cost to run an appliance.

Note: (a) To estimate the number of hours that a refrigerator actually operates at its maximum wattage, divide the total time the refrigerator is plugged in by three. Refrigerators, although turned "on" all the time, actually cycle on and off as needed to maintain interior temperatures. (b) When calculating energy consumption of a central air conditioning system, add the energy required for the furnace fan that distributes cold air to various parts of the house

Examples

Window fan:
(200 Watts × 4 hours/day × 120 days/year) ÷ 1000 W/kW
= 96 kWh × 15 cents/kWh = $14.40/year

Personal Computer and Monitor:
[(120 Watts + 150 Watts) × 4 hours/day × 365 days/year] ÷ 1000 W/kW
= 394 kWh × 15 cents/kWh = $59.10/year

Household Energy Use

Assume an apartment has a 42” flat screen TV, a laptop computer, a kitchen with an oven, an electric cooktop, a microwave, a 16 cubic feet refrigerator, a toaster, a coffee maker, a vacuum cleaner, and a hair dryer. Two incandescent 60 W lamps are typically used. Assuming that electricity costs $0.15/kwh, estimate the annual energy and cost of energy.

This table lists all energy consuming systems and their energy consumption and cost in a small apartment