Provide any other regional comparisons or patterns that were not previously discussed. 5 sentences and a question

Ayers(1984) examination of crime and punishment in the Old South from 1800to the Civil War found that slaveholding culture, closeness to thefrontier, and overall pessimistic view of human nature help explaincrime of the period by which violence stemmed mainly from men protectingtheir honor. All white Southerners felt the need to protect their honorfrom public attack. In a place where liquor also lowered barriers toself-restraint, insults in the South often led to quick violence, as menfelt the need to protect the honor of their family names. Honor actedas a catalyst that ignited the volatile mix of slavery, liquor, andweapons permeating in the South (Ayers, 1984).

Duringthis period, punishing criminals was based on association, whichcreated isolation. Criminals were confined and isolated in prisons andpenitentiaries (Roth, 2011). Many Southerners, especially NorthCarolinians, viewed state-operated penitentiaries as infringements uponpeople’s honor and rights. State governments, conversely, oftenwelcomed the social order that accompanied penitentiaries. Cities ofthe Old South also grew during this period, but in the late 1850s, aneconomic downturn led to increased public disorder. Many cities createdpolice forces to protect industries and the welfare of their citizens.Most arrests in Southern cities came from young white males for crimesof property, while police officers rarely arrested wealthy Southernersfor their illegal infractions. Officers hoped to both deter and punishcriminals, but the personal and moderate court systems of the Southrequired most convicted criminals to pay fines, rarely usingimprisonment as punishment. The lack of authority invested in policeofficers, combined with ideas of honor, economic depression, heavydrinking, and a very lenient court system, led to steadily increasingcrime throughout the South during the pre-Civil War years (Akers,1984).

Inmy region, which is the Caribbean the violent crimes that exist aremurder, robberies and aggravated burglaries. The increased use ofillegal firearms in the commission of offenses although the Caribbeandoes not manufacture guns and ammunition continues to be a challenge forlaw enforcement and border security.

Theinternational comparison from the Civil War will be China with the fallof the Tibetan Dynasty, where crime and punishment were influenced byassociation, status, and economics.

References

Ayers, E. (1984). Vengeance and Justice: Crime and Punishment in the 19th- Century American. New York: Oxford University Press.

Petersilia,J. (1987, June). Retrieved from The influence of Criminal JusticeResearch: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/150371.pdf

Roth, M. (2011). Crime and Punishment: A history of the Criminal Justice System. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.