write a 600words writing exercise, and there is no format limitation

1. Read Issue 1. Answer the discussion questions.

* If your Issue 1 is different due to a different edition then please leave a note in the Canvas box along with your answers* You may upload a word document or type your answers in to the Canvas submission box.

Issue: Is Crime Beneficial to Society?

Yes: Emile Durkheim, from "The Normal and the Pathological," The Free Press (1938)
No: Daniel Patrick Moynihan, from "Defining Deviancy Down," The American Scholar (1993)

Classic sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858–1917) theorizes that crime reaffirms moral boundaries and helps bring about needed social changes. Former U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-New York) argues that modern crime has gone way beyond the point of being functional.

2.Issue: Is Criminal Behavior Determined Biologically?

Yes: Adrian Raine, from "The Biological Basis of Crime," Institute for Contemporary Studies Press (2002)
No: Sean Maddan, from "Criminological Explanations of Crime," Original Work (2016)

Adrian Raine argues that one of the principal reasons why we have been so unsuccessful in preventing adult crime is because crime control policies have systematically ignored the biological side of human behavior. Professor Sean Maddan asserts that social forces create the conditions that become sources of crime in American society.