Managing Projects in an Organizational Context

Managing projects requires an understanding of the organizational structure under which the project will be conducted. There are many different types of organizational structures. Three of the most common major types of organizational structure are functional, matrix, and project-oriented. Among the three major structures, there are similarities and differences in where authority resides, who controls the budget, how resources are allocated, and what roles and responsibilities the project manager and project team members assume. Each of these factors has the potential to influence project outcomes. Also, the skills a project manager needs are dependent on the organizational structure under which the project will be conducted. This is especially true regarding technical vs. interpersonal skills.

Answer the following below:

• Briefly describe each of the three common types of organizational structures. What are the similarities and differences among them?
• What skills does a project manager need that are the same regardless of the organizational structure? Support your response with at least one example.
• What skills does a project manager need that differ depending on the structure of the organization? Support your response with at least one example.
• In what ways does organizational culture influence how a project manager applies these skills? Support your response with at least one example.

References:

Skulmoski, G. J., & Hartman, F. T. (2010). Information systems project manager soft competencies: A project-phase investigation. Project Management Journal, 41(1), 61–80.

Project Management Institute. (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide). Sixth edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author.