What is the difference between observed patterns of personality and a personality disorder? Although some patterns of behavior may contribute to an individual's personality, not all personality patterns may be disorders. For example, if a person is described as cold, cerebral, and rigid, these are patterns that might affect his or her personality, but may not lead to a diagnosed disorder. As defined in the DSM, “A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of one’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment” (APA, 2013, p. 645).

Specifically, personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorders and borderline personality disorders, present pervasive, maladaptive pattern of inner experience and behavior that violate social norms such as trust, honesty, and personal value.

For this Discussion, consider current controversies in the diagnosis of personality disorders, with specific attention to borderline personality disorders and antisocial personality disorders. Additionally, think about how culture and gender influences the diagnosis of personality disorders.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post a brief explanation of how culture and gender may influence diagnoses of clients with personality disorders. Then, explain one controversy associated with the diagnosis of women with borderline personality disorder and one controversy associated with the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in men.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to current literature.

3-4 Paragraphs. APA Format. In-text Citations to support Literature.