One of the classic murder cases in which blood evidence played an important, and controversial part, was the trial of Dr. Sam Sheppard.

Based on your knowledge about this case and the history of bloodstain pattern analysis, answer the following:

• What was the condition of bloodstain pattern analysis before and after this case?
• What two major advancements can you identify have been made after this case?
• How are those advancements useful today?

Numerous items of evidence containing bloodstain patterns were located at the crime scene. A pillow with a mysterious print, a Gerber knife found in the desk, blood-soaked clothing, and bedding.

Based on the above observation, answer the following questions:

• Discuss the conclusions Dr. Kirk arrived at regarding each piece of evidence? How did he arrive at each conclusion?
• Discuss how the conclusions would have been different today with the advances in bloodstain pattern analysis.
• How would an advance understanding of blood volume loss and the amount of blood soaked in to the bedding have significantly contributed to the outcome of the investigation?

One of the immediate stages of death is the cessation of blood circulation. This affects the analysis and interpretation of bloodstain patterns and demands an understanding of the postmortem aspects of blood characteristics.

Explain how do postmortem changes in human remains alter the physical characteristics of bloodstain patterns?