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PSY 111 Module Objectives Covered on the Final Exam

R1. Define Psychology as a discipline.
R2. Identify the goals of psychology as a science.
R3. Recognize the value of both basic and applied psychological research.
R4. Identify the principles of the scientific method.
R5. Differentiate among a variety of research methods (including surveys, correlational research, experiments and qualitative research).
R6. Identify the most appropriate research method for a given research question.
R7. Explain procedures used to improve the validity of research findings.
R8. Identify ethical standards psychologists must address when conducting research with human and non-human participants.
R9. Define the mean, median, and mode.
R10. Interpret correlation coefficients.
R11. Interpret basic graphical representations of data.
R12. Define statistical significance.

BN1. Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human nervous system, and functions of each.
BN2. Identify the parts of the neuron.
BN3. Identify the basic process of neural transmission.
BN4. Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.
BN5. Describe lateralization of brain functions.
BN6. Recognize the mechanism of, and the importance of, plasticity of the nervous system.
BN7. Apply concepts in genetic transmission.
BN8. Recognize the interactive effects of heredity and environment.

BC1. Identify states of consciousness.
BC2. Describe the circadian rhythm and its relation to sleep.
BC3. Describe the sleep cycle.
BC4. Identify the different stages of sleep.
BC5. Describe three perspectives on the cause and function of dreams.
BC6. Identify the features and causes of sleep disorders.
BC7. Distinguish myths from realities concerning hypnosis.
BC8. Identify the categories of psychoactive drugs and their effects.

CC1. Identify elements comprising thought, including schemas and categories.
CC2. Define processes involved in problem solving and decision making.
CC3. Identify obstacles to effective problem solving.
CC4. Identify obstacles to good decision making.
CC5. Identify obstacles to making accurate judgments.

CM1. Identify factors that influence encoding.
CM2. Characterize the difference between shallow (surface) and deep (elaborate) processing.
CM3. Recognize the differences between sensory, short-term, working, and long-term memory stores.
CM4. Identify and explain the biological processes related to how memory is stored.
CM5. Recognize the importance of retrieval cues in memory.
CM6. Identify how interference and other factors influence retrieval.
CM7. Identify strategies for improving the encoding, storage, and retrieval of memory.

DL1. Identify the key terms and principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
D2. Apply key terms and principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning to clinical, experimental, and/or everyday life examples.

DD1. Explain the interaction of environmental and biological factors in development.
DD2. Distinguish methods used to study development.
DD3. Describe the role of sensitive and critical periods in development.
DD4. Identify milestones in physical maturation during childhood and adolescence.
DD5. Identify major physical changes associated with adulthood and aging.
DD6. Describe major theories of how children’s thinking develops.
DD7. Describe how and when children establish emotional bonds with their caregivers.
DD8. Define identity formation during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
DD9. Identify developmental changes during major life transitions into middle and late adulthood.

SS1. Identify the ways in which social situations influence the behavior of individuals.
SS2. Define the fundamental attribution error.
SS3. Define conformity and identify the factors that maximize or minimize obedience to authority.
SS4. Define the bystander effect and identify situations for the likelihood of bystander intervention.
SS5. Describe the social and individual difference variables that contribute to human aggression.
SS6. Explain how attitudes are formed.
SS7. Distinguish between prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination.

SI1. Identify arguments in favor of seeing intelligence as a general factor.
SI2. Identify different subtypes of intelligence.
SI3. Identify Gardner and Sternberg’s alternative conceptualizations of intelligence.
SI4. Identify historical instances of the misuse of intelligence testing.
SI5. Identify current methods of assessing intelligence.
SI6. Identify reliability and validity limitations in intelligence testing.
SI7. Identify the influences of biological, cultural, and environmental factors on intelligence.
SI8. Identify sources of cultural bias in intelligence testing.

SP1. Identify characteristics and key tenets of trait theories
SP2. Identify characteristics and key tenets of social-cognitive theories.
SP3. Identify ways of assessing personality.
SP4. Identify issues of reliability and validity in personality assessment.
SP5. Identify biological and environmental influences on personality.

MA1. List and apply criteria used to differentiate normal from abnormal behavior.
MA2. Recognize historic and cross-cultural views of abnormality.
MA3. Differentiate among major models of abnormality.
MA4. Recognize the impact of psychological disorders on the individual, family, and society.
MA5. Describe the classification of psychological disorders.
MA6. Identify the challenges associated with diagnosis.
MA 7. Identify symptoms and causes of major categories of psychological disorders (including schizophrenic, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders).
MA8. Evaluate how different factors influence an individual’s experience of psychological disorders.

MH1. Define stress as a psychophysiological reaction.
MH2. Identify and explain potential sources of stress.
MH3. Explain physiological and psychological consequences of stress.
MH4. Identify and explain physiological, cognitive, and behavioral strategies to deal with stress.