Please answer two (2) of the following questions. Please use paragraph form with complete sentences. If you quote any reading in the textbook, give the author's name (ie. John Locke, not Gloria K. Fiero), the page number, and if available, the line number(s) of the passage. Also, please give full citations for any information you use from any source besides the textbook, including the page number, title, author's name, and the year published. Outside sources are not required for this assignment, but if you do use them, you must account for them.

1) The text's author suggests that Charles Darwin, author of the theory of evolution, actually possessed a romantic view of nature. If this so, what do the passages from The Origin of Species on pp. 212-3 tell us about what Darwin (and Romantics in general) may have thought of nature?

2) Identify passages of John Keats’ Ode on a Grecian Urn that describe why all great works of art remain eternally “true.”

3) How did the English artists John Constable and Joseph Turner differ in their approaches to painting natural landscapes? What did each of them want viewers to understand about nature?

4) Did American Romantic landscape painters wish to convey similar or different feelings about the natural world than European Romantic landscape painters? What are some examples of what makes their paintings similar or different?

5) What do Napoleon’s Diary and Alexander Pushkin’s poem Napoleon tell us about why Napoleon became the nineteenth century’s first romantic hero?

6) How did Frederick Douglas justify stealing from his master in his autobiography?

7) If we compare Lin Zexu’s Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria, and Marx’s & Engel’s Communist Manifesto, do the two document’s offer similar or different critiques of western capitalism? What remedies does each author propose for the suffering or injustice created by western businessmen?

8) What do the works of Kate Chopin, Gustav Flaubert, and Henrik Ibsen tell us about marital relations and gender roles in the nineteenth century? In what ways do the authors represent the Nineteenth Century Realist style?

9) Why were the paintings of Gustave Courbet and Edouard Manet considered so controversial in their time? What traditional standards of art did each of them violate, and why?

10) Without reading any information about Claude Monet's painting Impression: Sunrise (from the textbook or anywhere else), try and describe what makes the painting different from a realistic painting of your choice in Chapter 30. Then find a second painting from Chapter 31 (or later) that you think is highly similar to it and explain what the two paintings have in common.

11) Consider the paintings of Monet, Renoir, Degas and Toulouse Lautrec. Which of these painters' styles or subject matter, or both, do you believe is most unlike the others? Why in spite of this difference could the painter of your choice still be classified as an impressionist?

12) What is the different approach and philosophy that Postimpressionist painters brought to their compositions? Describe at least two paintings that reveal the difference between their style and the Impressionists’.

13) How did Picasso and Matisse differ in their views about the purpose of art? How did their styles differ? Which works best exemplify their different styles?

14) Why did the early Twentieth Century artists Kandinsky, Malevich, and Mondrian move toward pure abstraction in their paintings?