For each element, you divide the total mass of its atoms by the empirical formula mass and multiply by 100.
EXAMPLE
What is the of a compound with the empirical formula ##”CH”_2″O”##?
Solution
Step 1: Find the masses of the individual atoms.
##”C = 12.01 u”##
##”H = 1.008 u”##
##”O = 16.00 u”##
Step 2: Find the total mass of each atom in the formula.
##”1 C = 12.01 u”##
##”2 H = 2.016 u”##
##”1 O = 16.00 u”##
Step 3: Find the total mass of all the atoms in the formula.
##”CH”_2″O = (12.01 + 2.016 + 16.00) u = 30.03 u”##
Step 4: Find the mass percent of each atom.
##”mass %” = “mass of atom”/”total mass” × “100 %##
##”mass % C” = (12.01 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“u”))))/(30.03 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“u”)))) × “100 %” = “40.00 %”##
##”mass % H” = (2.016 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“u”))))/(30.03 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“u”)))) × “100 %” = “6.714 %”##
##”mass % O” = (16.00 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“u”))))/(30.03 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“u”)))) × “100 %” = “53.29 %”##
Step 5: Check that your answers add up to 100 %.
##40.00 + 6.714 + 53.29 = 100.00##
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