please respond to the main DQ1 and DQ2. Also respond to the peer discussions 1-6

DQ1

Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independentand dependent variables do you need to collect? Why?

DQ2

Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results.Define clinical significance, and explain the difference betweenclinical and statistical significance. How can you use clinicalsignificance to support positive outcomes in your project?

Peer DQ1

When determining the appropriate variables to utilizefor evidence based research practices, the researcher must take intoaccount the aim of the study or what the study was seeking to defineor hypothesize, the participants within the study, etc. In the end,the study must ensure that it has reached the necessary variablesthat will allow it to propose the most optimal values andpreferences for effective implementation from research to practicewithin the health care organization.

The wayyou design your evaluation research will have a lot to do with howaccurate and reliable your results are, and how well you can usethem to improve your program or intervention. The design should beone that best addresses key threats to internal validity (whetherthe intervention caused the change) and external validity (theability to generalize your results to other situations, communities,and populations).

•Independentvariables are the program itself and/or the methods or conditionsthat the researcher – in this case, you – wants toevaluate. They’re called variables because they can change– you might have chosen (and might still choose) othermethods. They’re independent because their existencedoesn't depend on whether something else occurs: you've chosen them,and they’ll stay consistent throughout the evaluation period.

•Dependentvariables are whatever may or may not change as a result of thepresence of the independent variable(s). In an evaluation,your program or intervention is the independent variable. (Ifyou’re evaluating a number of different methods or conditions,each of them is an independent variable.) Whateveryou’re trying to change is the dependent variable. (Ifyou’re aiming at change in more than one behavior or outcome,each type of change is a different dependent variable.)They’re called dependent variables because changes in themdepend on the action of the independent variable…or something else.

http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/ev…

Peer DQ2

ased on the evaluation of my EBP project, the independent variablethat I need to collect is the number of handy hygiene procedures (handwashing or hand sterilizing) from the healthcare providers using themonitoring badges, while the dependent variable that I need to collectis the compliance rate. The number of hand hygiene proceduresperformed by healthcare providers have direct impact on the compliancerates and number of hospital-acquired infections in the surgicaldepartment. The data will be analyzed on a daily, weekly andmonthly basis for the first six months in a specific department.The data collected will be for each employee and will need to bestatistically analyzed using a computer software program. Whenthe staff member uses the hand washing station, the monitoring badgesrecords the event and sends it to the computer software for analysis(Hygreen, 2011). Each staff member will have a uniqueidentification number which will be recorded in the computerapplication, so that data for each staff member in the department iscollected separately. ID number, time and date will be recordedand sent for analysis. The statistical analysis program will reviewthe collected data and create plot charts, graphs and descriptivestatistical data such as mode, median and mean for each staff member'shand washing compliance and the overall compliance for that specificdepartment. Compliance reports can be reviewed to see if theimprovement project is working, whether or not there are any problemswith equipment, if any employee has a high non-compliance with handhygiene (so they can be interviewed) techniques. The datacollected will allow the healthcare facility to determine if the handhygiene monitoring systems should be implemented throughout the entire facility.

David

Hygreen. (2011). Hand Hygiene Recording and Reminding System.Retrieved from http://hygreen.com/

Peer DQ3

Independent and dependent variables are used by researchers in aproject for the purpose of making observations and reaching aconclusion. In order to do so, an independent variable is controlledor changed to test how the dependent variable reacts (Flannelly etal., 2014). On my EBP project the evaluation is based on positivehealthcare outcomes achieved by reducing the symptoms of BorderlinePersonality Disorder (BPD), and mitigating against the risk ofcomplications arising. In this project, the independent variables Iwill collect are the combinations of nursing interventions primarilydifferent applications of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) amongother psychotherapy options ; while the dependent variable is thesatisfactory health condition of the clients as evidenced by theabsence of physical signs.

References
Flannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski,K. R. B. (2014). Independent, Dependent and Other Variables inHealthcare and Chaplaincy. Retrieved November 2018 from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08854726.2014.959374?scroll=top&needAccess=true

Peer DQ4

For the study regarding readmission of heart failure patients, thedependent variable will be readmission. Although the period betweenthe readmission and discharge is different with regard to theresearcher. The main reason for choosing this variable is that thecorrelation between readmission and HF1 is the main purpose of theresearch. The independent variables show the models connected tothe clinical characteristics of patients, patient characteristics,nursing unity background elements and the treatment of these patients(Jensen, 2011). The main independent variable will accomplishment ofthe discharge directives, HF1. This will include the written set ofinstructions or the educational resources given to the caregiver orpatient at the time of discharge or when the patient is still at thehospital. The instructions have an aim of addressing dischargemedications, weight monitoring, follow-up treatment and measure totake when symptoms become worse.

Others include variables connected to patient demographics such asage, gender, marital status, and ethnicity. The other independentvariable is the extent of illness and the existence of comorbidsituations like hypertension, anemia, diabetes mellitus and coronaryheart illness. The other independent variable comprises of hospitalsetting factors like unit where the patient will be discharged. Theadministrative variable will comprise of direct cost and time of stayin the hospital. The foundation of selecting the variables is foundedon the literature and the probable connection of the variables to theoutcomes and analysis connected to the HF (Jensen, 2011).

References

Jensen, G. A. (2011). Outcomes of heartfailure discharge instructions.

Peer DQ5

A dependent variable is the variable being tested andmeasured in a scientific experiment. An independentvariable is the variable that is changed or controlled in ascientific experiment to test the effects on the dependentvariables.. The independent and dependent variables are the two keyvariables in a science experiment. The independent variable is theone the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is thevariable that changes in response to the independent variable. The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If theindependent variable changes, then the dependent variable isaffected.( Helmenstine 2018). The Independent variables in CAUTIprevention are urinary catheter bundle which includes properinsertion and assessment techniques, computerised documentationand ordering templates. Dependant variable is duration of thecatheterization and the number of CAUTI.

Reference:

Helmenstine, T. (2018).What is the difference betweenIndependent and Dependent Variables?. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-and-dependen…

Peer DQ6

Whiledeveloping a project, it is highly important to identify andunderstand the dependent and independent variables as well as thedistinction between them. As mentioned by Smokowski et al. (2016),the project variables are essential in facilitating the framing ofthe project and in organizing the project’s elements forrealization of the project result’s relevance andsignificance. My evidence based project is on the use of stem celltherapy for patients in the surgical unit. Taking this into account,this project will investigate the impacts of using stem cell therapyon the quality of life and health outcomes for surgical unit patients.

Accordingto Nilsen (2015), the independent variables are aspects within aproject that do not depend on other aspects or are not affected bychanges in other project variables. Dependent variables on the otherhand include those project aspects that whose values are aconsequent of other factors or are dependent on other projectaspects. In this regard, this project’s independent variableis the stem cell therapy intervention. The stem cell therapy isindependent and constant for all the participant patients and is notinfluenced by other aspects of the project such as nurse/ patientperception. The project’s dependent variables include healthstatus of the participants which will be as a consequent of the stemcell therapy interventions. This project will be studying the impactof the stem cell therapy intervention on the patients’ healthstatus in which the variations in patients’ health status willdictate the impact of the stem cell therapy in treating surgicalunit patients.

Theoutcome of the study will be measured and evaluated by observing andrecording the change in the patients’ health conditions priorto, during and after project implementation. In order for theproject to be rendered as successful, there ought to be measurableimprovements in the health status of the participant patientsfollowing its implementation.

References

Nilsen,P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models andframeworks. ImplementationScience, 10(1), 53.DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0

Smokowski,P. R., Guo, S., Wu, Q., Evans, C. B., Cotter, K. L., & Bacallao,M. (2016). Evaluating dosage effects for the positive actionprogram: How implementation impacts internalizing symptoms,aggression, school hassles, and self-esteem. Americanjournal of orthopsychiatry, 86(3), 310.doi: 10.1037/ort0000167.