Main Topic

Core Concept

Objectives

General concepts

·Sodium imbalances’ effect on the CNS and clinical manifestations

·Brain and Brain Stem Basic Anatomy & Physiology (including circulation)

·Autonomic Nervous System Physiology

·Cerebral Hemodynamics (CBF & ICP)

·Age Related differences in anatomy and physiology

1. Examine the anatomy and physiology of the Central Nervous System. (CO: 1)

·Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the brain and brain stem.

oExplain the function of the twelve cranial nerves

oExplain the function of the cerebrum, cerebellum, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem, reticular activating system, andlimbic system.

oIdentify which area of the brain is impacted by a disorder based on the clinical manifestation.

oDiscuss the function and location of the Wernicke and Broca’s areas of the cerebrum and describe a sign which would manifest as a result of a lesion, injury or defect in each area.

oExplain the difference between supratentorial and infratentorial.

oDiscuss the cerebral artery anatomy and identify which artery provides blood to which part of the brain.

·Assess the differences between the divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

·Evaluate the function and locations of the adrenergic and beta receptors.

·Analyze the relationship between cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.

·Describe the structural, functional, cellular, and cerebrovascular age related changes which affect the nervous system.

·Explain the embryonic development of the CNS and the brain development of the infant and child.

Adult Disorders

·Delirium

·Dementia

·Alzheimer’s Disease

·Dysphasia

·Parkinson’s Disease

·Seizure Disorder

·Multiple Sclerosis

·Myasthenia Gravis

·Guillain Barre

·Increased Intracranial Pressure

·Traumatic Brain Injury and its long-term effects

·Post Concussive Syndrome

·Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

·Spinal Cord Injury

·Stroke & Transient Ischemic Attack

·Headaches (Migraine, cluster, tension)

·Bacterial and viral meningitis

2. Examine the pathologic basis of adult and pediatric disorders which affect the nervous system. (CO: 1,2, 3, 4, 5)

·Describe the types of dysphasia, their clinical manifestations, and the location of the dysfunction.

·Differentiate between the risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of delirium, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

·Differentiate between the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of select disorders of the nervous system.

oDescribe the risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease, seizure disorder, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain Barre.

oDifferentiate between the types of seizures and their clinical manifestations.

·Analyze the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of trauma of the central nervous system.

oAnalyze the interdependence of normal cerebral hemodynamics and describe how they impact one another and affect ICP.

oDifferentiate between the clinical manifestations and the pathophysiology of the four stages of increased intracranial pressure and its effects on cerebral hemodynamics.

oExplain the clinical manifestations and the pathophysiology of the three types of cerebral edema.

oExplain the pathophysiology of the primary and secondary brain injuries.

oExplain the differences between the four types (closed, open, focal, diffuse) of traumatic brain injuries.

oDescribe the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of focal and diffuse traumatic brain injuries.

oDifferentiate between the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of intracranial bleeds (epidural hematoma & hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, intracranial hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage).

oDiscuss the etiology, pathophysiology and long term consequences of post concussive syndrome and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

o Differentiate between the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of spinal cord injury.

·Analyze the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of acute intracranial disorders.

oDifferentiate between the risk factors, etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of thrombotic and hemorrhagic stroke.

oDetermine the location of the cerebral infarction and the affected artery based on the clinical manifestations of acute stroke.

oDescribe the etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of migraine, cluster and tension headaches.

oExplain the modes of transmission, etiology, clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of bacterial and viral meningitis.

Child Disorders

·Spina Bifida (neural tube defects)

·Cerebral Palsy

·Febrile Seizure

3. Differentiate between the etiology, clinical manifestations, and pathophysiology of neurologic disorders in the child. (CO: 1,2,3,4,5)

Psychiatric Disorders

·Depression

·Bipolar Disorder

·Substance Abuse

4. Differentiate between the etiology, clinical manifestations of select psychiatric disorders. (CO: 1,2,3,4,5)