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post#1

Range of theories in the social sciences vary in their views about human sexuality. It is these theories that provide explanations to the reality of diverse sexual behaviors and relationships.

Evolutionary Perspectives

Sociobiologists viewed that human sexuality is the product of natural selection, i.e., “A process in nature resulting in greater rates of survival of those plants and animals that are adapted to their environment” (Hyde and DeLamater, 2014), which include individuals’ concern with physical attractiveness. People prefer attractive, healthy partners who are sexually productive and capable of producing many offspring. Thus, having large breasts and healthy are indicative of attractiveness (Hyde and DeLamater, 2014).

Psychological Theories

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory viewed that personality and behavior is influenced by sexual libido in that sex is one of the key forces in human existence. Hyde and DeLamater (2014) suggested that Freud believed that the child passes through the stages of psychosexual development, introducing the erogenous zones (i.e., Areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation) related to each of these stages. On the other hand, learning theory viewed that sexual behavior is the product of learning in that it tends to modify through the concept of reinforcements and punishments through the process of operant conditioning. Bandura’s social learning theory emphasizes imitation and identification, a process of development useful in identifying one’s sense of gender identity (Hyde and DeLamater, 2014).

Sociological Perspective

Hyde and DeLamater (2014) suggested that sociologists viewed human sexuality is shaped by society or culture in that it approaches the understanding of human sexuality based on the basic assumptions that: (a) Every society regulates the sexuality of its members, (b) Basic institutions of society (e.g., religion and family) influence the norms governing sexuality within that particular society, and (c) The standard norms of a particular sexual behavior depends on the cultural background in which it occurs. Reiss’s view concerning the social importance of sexuality revolve around two components: (1) the connection of sexuality with physical pleasure, and (2) sexual interactions fosters social bonding, personal disclosure, and reproduction (Hyde and DeLamater, 2014).

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post#2

Three points that stood out to me in the video are the actions of one person in the family affects the actions of the other family members, to act as if what you want to change such as caring will influence the other person to act what you want changed such as showing caring which will then really do the behavior such as care (Psychotherapy.net, 2001). The third point is how the person’s past family life influences how they behave in their present relationship. Family system approaches build on a multicultural framework that benefits many ethnic and cultural families, as many place importance and value on the extended family. The family as a whole provides context in understanding how each member functions in relationships with others, and how he or she behaves (Whiston, 2017). Each member's actions and behaviors affect the family system. The goals are to change the family structure to improve communication and interactions, reduce symptoms of dysfunction, and modify family boundaries (McAdams et al., 2016). The counselor functions as a teacher, coach, and consultant and joins the family by connecting with each member by understanding its unique interpersonal, social, and cultural contexts (Corey, 2013).

The skills learned benefits the entire family system as it involves the whole family in modifying the pattern of function, improve family communication and reduce conflict (Krumpfer, 2014). Behavioral couple therapy addresses these issues as it helps the couple to change how they think about a problem, to test new behaviors, keep what works and throw away what doesn’t (Psychotherapy.net, 2001). It helps the couples to understand each others perceptions and views the problems as solutions that are used to set goals. The counselor builds rapport and joins the family to provide support, positive energy, and provide modeling (Psychotherapy.net, 2001).