Select any four questions of your choice and ensure that you answer all parts of the question. Each answer should be at a minimum two- three page and doubled spaced. The average papers for all four-question range between 10-12 pages. You do not have to cite your sources. I encourage you to use the internet to expand your answers with the primary text book. Once completed submit the midterm as a word document /attachment

to radzikowskijg@yahoo.com or do a file upload into canvas…..do not submit the midterm via Grossmont e-mail

the midterm exam is due no later than 06/29…11:59 PM….Good Luck . Prof R

1.

• Compare the voyages of non-European people before 1500 to those of the Portuguese and Spanish from 1400 to 1550.

• Why were the Spanish able to establish a territorial empire in the New World?
• Was technological superiority a major factor in the conquest of the Americas?

2.

• What were the long-term political effects of the Protestant Reformation?
• In what ways did the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment challenge the intellectual and political status quo in early modern Europe?

3.

• What were the demographic effects of the Columbian exchange?
• Compare and explain the reasons for differences or similarities between the European colonies of North and South America.
• State and justify your position on the role of the Catholic Church in regard to relations with the Amerindian people in either the Spanish or the French American colonies.

4.

• Describe capitalism and mercantilism and explain their roles in the development of the Atlantic system.
• What factors led to the development of the African slave trade?
• What effects did slavery have on economic life in Africa?

5.

• How was the Ottoman Empire administered under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)?

• What were the roles of the Portuguese, Oman, and the Dutch in the development of trade in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia?
• What factors led to the decline of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?

6.

• What did the Russian and Qing Empires have in common, and how did these common features affect the relationship between the two?

• Both the Qing and the Tokugawa governments were in decline by 1800. What reasons lay behind the decline of each government?

7.

• Discuss and compare the course of the American, the French, and the Haitian revolutions and analyze the reasons for the significance of the difference outcomes of these three revolutions.
• What roles did Enlightenment thought and folk cultures play in the making of the eighteenth century revolutions?
• Was there a relationship between the ways in which the British and French monarchs approached the ideas of the Enlightenment and the outbreak of revolution?

8.

• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain rather than in continental Europe or the United States?
• What exactly is meant by the Industrial Revolution? What were the economic changes that revolutionized manufacturing in the eighteenth century and led to the factory system?
• How did the technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution change societies in the industrialized countries?