Please respond to these discussion APA format with a reference

Discussion 1

The goal of the Scientific Management Theory was to apply scientificprinciples to improve the task performance and productivity of workers(Huber; 2014). In nursing this is done when measuring nurse workloadsor when having a certain number of staff per number of patients, basedon the census from the previous year, productivity, and documentation(Feigenbaum; 2017).

In the district I work in, we currently have RN’s at all ourcampuses but our Pre-K campuses. The Director oversees the LVNs wecurrently have. Starting with the next school year, the district wantsto replace any RN that leaves with LVNs. What they don’tunderstand is that there has to be an RN to oversee those LVNs. Whilethey are saving money by hiring the LVNs they don’t take intoconsideration the increase workload they are putting on the RNswithout giving them an increase in pay.

Feigenbaum, E. (2017). Theories of healthcare management. Retrievedfrom https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/theories-of-he…

Huber, D. (2014).Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstl]. Retrieved fromhttps://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…

Discussion 2

According to the scientific theory, individuals are motivated bymoney (GCU, 2015). Also, scientific management believed in determiningan effective way to structure an organization (Huber, 2014). Based onthe scientific management theory, some routines in health care thatseem to be inefficient is staffing. Nurses are often understaffed, andthis can create issues. When this occurs, nurses feel that they do nothave enough time for patient care, and instead, are too busy charting.This can lead to inefficient health care.

The reason for participative decision making is to allow nurses toenhance their autonomy and improve the way an organization functions(Huber, 2014). Some examples of this decision making in my workplaceare being part of a union. At my hospital, every Thursday we wear aparticular color to show that we all stand together. There are rightsthat we are fighting for, and by all wearing the same color, we areshowing them that are all in agreement. Once a nurse reaches sixmonths of work, they are placed into the "float pool". Justrecently, nurses fought for their right to have an orientation beforebeing floated to a new unit. So now, because of this participativedecision, after new hires reach six months, they have the option ofbeing oriented to the unit to which they will float to, rather thannot having any orientation.

Nurses come together at my job in hopes of making a difference intheir work environment, as well as in the life of their patients. Onenurse saw the need of holding a book drive, so that could have enoughbooks to pass out to children and their families during theirhospitalization. The nurse informed the managers of her goals and themanagers agreed. Many books were collected and now we can pass outthese books to children on our floors.

References

Grand Canyon University [GCU]. (2015). Theories and Concepts inLeadership and Management. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Management Principles.Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition.[Pageburstl]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…

Discussion 3

The scientific management theory was introduced by an inventorand engineer names Fredrick W. Taylor. This theory works towardsgoals that employers, employees and society have common interest in.His theory’s purpose was to improve an organization’sefficiency by determining the most efficient method to completion ofa task. This would be determined by utilizing scientific engineeringand mathematical analysis. The idea was that organizations shouldidentify the most efficient way to do a job, train employees tohandle the jobs with a set protocol, and provide an equitable systemof rewards for improved productivity. “It was found when thistheory was consistently applied there was significantly improvedproductivity, increased employee incentive, improvements in quality,improved personnel practices as well as more cooperation betweenmanagement and employees” (Dininni, 2016).

Staffing is a routine that is inefficient in many health careoperations. Staffing guidelines are often introduced as nurse topatient ratio without taking acuity into consideration. In myexperience this tool is somewhat helpful in large hospitals settingsbut has not been helpful in the small hospitals I currently work at.The tooll is new to my department so that may be the reason itdoesn’t seem to be used appropriately. It seems that nursesstaffing is in a rut go old habits. Maybe once those old habits canbe broke nurse staffing will improve.

Particpative decision making is evident in my workplace throughnurse committees. There are numerous committees run by nurses thatstrive to make positive changes in the workplace. This seems toimprove the communication process of issues from the floor to the committees.

Reference

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Management Principles.Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstl]. Retrieved June 3, 2018 from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…

Dininni, J. (2016, June 6). Management Theory of FredrickTaylor. Retrieved June 3, 2018 from https://www.business.com/articles/management-theor…

Discussion 4

Scientific management theory is one of the earliest theoriesdeveloped to improve the work environment process scientifically. Thestudy sought to improve work performance and explored how the workenvironment can affect workers productivity (GCU, 2015). The focus wasfounded on a few principles that will optimize the way the work wasdone and improves productivity. The central principle was to matchworkers to their jobs based on capability and motivation and encouragethem to work at maximum efficiency (Huber, 2014).

Frederic Winslow Taylor, who is the founder of this theory believedthat people are motivated by financial stability, and there should bea division between individuals with higher positions such as managersand ground-level workers. This theory cased an increase in theproductivity of the workers and profits for companies andorganizations (Huber, 2014). In healthcare, the lack of resources andadequate staffing seem to be the central issue in the performance andproductivity of workers. Nurses, for instance, are understaffed andoverworked, with the minimum resource available and has become themain problem in providing quality patient care. In healthcare, moneyshould not be an excellent motivator to make people work hard.Instead, hospitals and organizations should focus on optimizing theway the work was conducted by providing enough support and resourcesto workers.

In the Participative Leadership Style, the upper managementteam encourages the workers to contribute ideas and opinion in thegroup situation and take responsibility (Huber, 2014). This leadershipstyle fosters nurses to make decisions about their practice, ratherthan having decisions announced to them by management. In ourfacility, nurses are encouraged to attend meetings, conferences togive ideas on their units practice and collectively decide toimplement changes in their unit. This is important because it allowsnurses to maintain autonomy in their work environment and influencelong-term changes in their facility.

References

Grand Canyon University [GCU]. (2015). Theories and Concepts inLeadership and Management. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Management Principles.Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstl].Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…

Discussion 5

According to paramount scholars such as Waring (2016),scientific management theory focuses on increasing economicefficiency. As such, the productivity of a firm increases throughoptimizing and simplifying tasks. Notably, the theory recommendsthat jobs should be distributed to workers according to their areaof competence. By so doing, employees handle the tasks within theirbest ability, thus enhancing production. According to the theory,workers are motivated by money and those who achieve more in the daydeserve high pay for them to be encouraged to do more. Additionally,it states that both managers and employees should work together forthem to have a successful production. Therefore,understanding the theory enables one to have goodleadership and management skills. This paper seeks to expound oninefficient healthcare routines that are based on scientificmanagement theory, list participative decision making available inmy workplace and give a rationale for the same.

Notably, inefficient healthcare routines cause losses inhealthcare organizations and affect workflownegatively, thus leading to decreased efficiency.An example of such a habit is poor communication. For example, wherethere is minimal interaction between the management andpractitioners, tension can exist, thus affecting the dailyoperations. Lack of communication also causes misunderstandings,which can affect the flow of work in the organization. Additionally,reduced communication between nurses, managers, and patients leadsto prolonged stays for patients and may also affect the quality ofhealthcare and patient safety.

Concurrently, understaffing and overworking of nurses are alsoinefficient routines in a hospital. In line with the contemplationsof Twigg, Gelder& Myers (2015), inadequate staffing refers towhere the patient ratio is higher than that of nurses. Consequently,inadequate staffing of practitioners to patients with several needscauses overworking of nurses. As such, the increased workload canlead to nurse burnout, time wastage, medical errors, and increasedrates of nurse turnover. Additionally, understaffing can also causepoor patient safety as well as health care outcomes, which leads toinefficiency in the hospital. Therefore, it is necessary for nursemanagers to balance nurse-patient ratio in the bid to bring aboutoptimum healthcare outcomes.

Remarkably, participative decision making involves nursemanagers and leaders encouraging practitioners to engageorganizational decision-making (Pacheco & Webber, 2016). As aresult, job satisfaction is enhanced, and there is increasedefficiency because nurses are responsible for their work. An exampleof participative decision making in my hospital is democraticleadership. Nurse Leaders consider the ideas of all the nursesbefore making the final decision. Consequently, after making theultimate decision, they discuss it with the practitioners to clarifyany issues and to make sure they are comfortable with it.

Another example of participative decision making in my hospitalis shared governance.It involves thecollaboration of both managers and nurses in all healthcareactivities. Subsequently, ensuring that all nursing staff have a sayin their working environment motivates them to do their work well.Additionally, enhancing shared decision making leads to mutualaccountability, which increases efficiency in a hospital. In therear, a unit-based council also exists in my workplace. As such, itsupports decentralized decision making. In other words, it enablesnurse staff to have control and full responsibility in their areasof work.

To sum up, all healthcare organizations should embraceparticipative decision making because high staff engagement createsa pleasing environment for patients and nurses. In the rear, sharedleadership is essential in improving efficiency and quality inhealth care centers.

References

Pacheco, G., & Webber, D. (2016). Job satisfaction: howcrucial is participative decision making?. PersonnelReview, 45(1), 183-200.

Twigg, D. E., Gelder, L., & Myers, H. (2015). The impact ofunderstaffed shifts on nurse‐sensitive outcomes. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 71(7), 1564-1572.

Waring, S. P. (2016). Taylorism transformed: Scientificmanagement theory since 1945. UNC Press Books.

Discussion 6

Some may view the concepts of leadership and management differentfrom each other. Leadership involves critical thinking, identificationof problems, development of objectivity and judgment, while alsofocusing on people; whereas, management focuses on structure (Huber,2014). Also, management involves planning, organizing, and directing(Huber, 2014). Although both terms have their definitions, they canalso overlap. Leadership and management can overlap because both leadand include management (Huber, 2014). Both leader and manager are in aposition in which they can impact the lives of those around them. Bothleader and manager take on a role of responsibility. A leader can beviewed as a mentor, and someone to look up to. A manager can alsoimpact the lives of those around them by planning and organizing appropriately.

The goals of management and leadership may sometimes overlap becauseboth role’s goals are to help others. Although managers areviewed to be in a higher position, they can often collaborate withtheir workers to improve the quality of care that their customersreceive. Leadership involves critical thinking. Good management mayfocus on structure, but they also need good critical thinking skills,to make a difference in their environment. A good manager is one thatis easily approachable and leaders can be viewed as an advocator and amentor. Their goal is to impact those around them.

As a nurse leader, I believe that I can expand my influence tocreate change by taking advantage of this overlap by utilizing bothcharacteristics to have a more significant impact on the outcome. Iwould take advantage of this overlap so that the results can be moresignificant. I see it as a leader and a manager working together. Whenthis occurs, grander ideas become combined. To be a manager means tooverlook the ideas presented to them, and know what do with them. Thisis where their leadership role is carried out, as they then have tocritically think and decide what is the best approach to take. Leaderscan influence others (GCU, 2015). So, with the manager role, theindividual can come up with a structured template, whereas theleadership role would be used to come up with an objective. As aleader, I would build personal connections with my colleagues, and asa manager, I would utilize my position to choose a goal that wouldbenefit the rest of my staff, and work environment. As a leader andmanager, the primary goal should be the workers and the outcome.

References

Grand Canyon University [GCU]. (2015). Theories and Concepts inLeadership and Management. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Management Principles.Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition.[Pageburstl]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…